MIGRASI DAN XENOFOBIA: ANALISIS KEBIJAKAN MIGRASI TERTUTUP HONGARIA ERA PERDANA MENTERI VIKTOR ORBÁN

Authors

  • Firsty Chintya Laksmi Perbawani Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jawa Timur

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35817/publicuho.v5i3.20

Keywords:

Hungary, Migrant, Migration Policy, Orbán, Racism

Abstract

Hungary is a European Union (EU) member state that has received international attention for its migration policy. While other EU member states assisted each other in accepting the refugee relocation program in response to Europe's immigration crisis, Hungary refused it. This cannot be separated from Prime Minister Viktor Orbán's leadership figure. As a result, the purpose of this article is to analyze why Hungary's migration policy is so stringent and restrictive. Using framing theory and qualitative analytical methodologies, this article proves that the Hungarian government purposefully constructed a xenophobic narrative platform. Furthermore, the renewal of migration strategies has always been restricted, as evidenced by the existence of: amendments to the Government Decree and the Asylum Act; rejection of the EU's mandatory quota system; and the existence of a selective-racism and deeply-rooted racism within the Hungarian state.

References

Aras, N., Gokalp, E., & Zeynep, S. (2015). The international migration and foreign policy nexus: the case of Syrian refugee crisis and Turkey. Turkey: Migration Letters Publishers.

Batchelor, T. (2015, September 23). MAPPED: How many refugees each European country will take under EU plans. Diambil kembali dari Express UK: https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/607349/Migrant-crisis-map-EU-refugee-quota

Bocskor, Á. (2018). Anti-Immigration Discourses in Hungary during the ‘Crisis’ Year: The Orbán Government’s ‘National Consultation’ Campaign of 2015. Sociology, 52(3), 551-568. doi:10.1177/0038038518762081

D'Angelo, P. (2018). Framing Anaysis II: Empirical and Theoritical Perspectives. Oxon: Routledge.

Dunai, M. (2017, Maret 3). Hungary builds new high-tech border fence - with few migrants in sight. Diambil kembali dari Emerging Markets: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-europe-migrants-hungary-fence-idUSKBN1692MH

Gall, L. (2016, September 13). Hungary’s Xenophobic Anti-Migrant Campaign. Diambil kembali dari HRW Dispatches: https://www.hrw.org/news/2016/09/13/hungarys-xenophobic-anti-migrant-campaign

Horn, H. (2015, Oktober 16). Is Eastern Europe Xenophobic than Western Europe? Diambil kembali dari The Atlantic Global: https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2015/10/xenophobia-eastern-europe-refugees/410800/

Juhász, K. (2017). Assessing Hungary’s Stance on Migration and Asylum in Light of the European and Hungarian Migration Strategies. Politics in Central Europe, 13(1), 35-54.

Metcalfe-Hough, V. (2015). The migration crisis? Facts, challenges and possible solutions. Dipetik Agustus 1, 2022, dari ODI: https://cdn.odi.org/media/documents/9913.pdf

Miller, S. (2018). Xenophobia toward Refugees and Other Forced Migrants. World Refugee Council Research Paper, 1-11.

Noack, R. (2022, July 27). Hungary’s Viktor Orban faces outrage after saying Europeans shouldn’t become ‘mixed race’. Diambil kembali dari EUROPE: https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/07/27/viktor-orban-mixed-race-cpac/

Rorke, B. (2018, Maret 7). IS VIKTOR ORBÁN A RACIST? YOU DECIDE... Diambil kembali dari European Roma Rights Centre: http://www.errc.org/news/is-viktor-orban-a-racist-you-decide.

Teitelbaum, M. (1984). Immigration, refugees, and foreign policy. International Organization, 38(3), 29-450.

Tremlett, A., & Messing, V. (2015, Agustus 4). Hungary’s Future: Anti-immigration, Anti-multiculturalism and Anti-Roma? Diambil kembali dari CAN EUROPE MAKE IT?: https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/can-europe-make-it/hungarys-future-antiimmigration-antimulticulturalism-and-antiro/

Végh, Z. (2016, September 9). Hungary’s migrant quota referendum: Never let a good crisis go to waste. Diambil kembali dari European Power: https://ecfr.eu/article/commentary_hungarys_migrant_quota_referendum_never_let_a_good_crisis_go7011/

Zalan, E. (2015, December 27). Europe in Review: Unwanted Exodus. Diambil kembali dari EO Observer: https://euobserver.com/review-2015/131314

Downloads

Published

2022-09-30